Determinants of Disaster Preparedness Behaviors in Older Adults and Implications for Health Education Interventions

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to examine differences in disaster preparedness behaviors among older adults and identify associated factors, with the goal of proposing policy recommendations to strengthen their disaster resilience.

Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the 7th wave, 5th round of the Taiwan Social Change Survey. A total of 398 respondents aged 65 and above were included. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the effects of age, education, income, physical health, mental health, social capital, risk perception, and disaster experience on disaster preparedness behaviors.

Results: Older adults showed generally low engagement in preparedness behaviors. Only 32.5% had moved items to safer locations, and 27.2% had secured furniture or appliances. Fewer than 11.9% reported purchasing insurance, preparing emergency kits, planning evacuation routes, or participating in disaster drills. Regression results indicated that younger age, higher education, better physical health, higher income, stronger risk perception, prior disaster experience, and greater social capital were positively associated with preparedness behaviors.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that older adults are generally reluctant to invest time or money in disaster preparedness. Policymakers should consider the heterogeneity of this population and promote disaster readiness through health promotion, disaster education, and strengthened social support to enhance their willingness and ability to prepare.